[PeterL]

I do not, nor would I ever, contradict any of the highly respected scholars quoted and participating in this thread. I do, however, think that the point which my friend of a friend picked up on is of interest. She noted that, despite the serious nature of the facial injuries (now underlined by Paul's anecdote about the teeth), there is little if any bruising evident from the photograph. From this she concludes that the victims remaining blood was below head level, suggesting that at the least he was unconscious when the ijuries were sustained, and very probably dead.