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"Canadian Airmen and the First World War" by S.F. Wise (1980) is the official history of the RCAF. I pulled some figures for you from it.
It's a difficult question to answer precisely. Since there was no distinctly Canadian air service, Canadians served in the British RFC and RNAS and, after April 1, 1918, in the RAF. Identifying "Canadians" in those services is difficult: there are different figures from different sources; some Brits who had just moved to Canada and enlisted there may not be considered Canadian, and may have listed their country of origin variously; many Americans enlisted as Canadians prior to America's entry into the war to preserve neutrality; some Canadians also may have been listed as British since they enlisted there. Basically, it's a mess.
Nevertheless, we can get a rough idea. The "official" figure in the Parliament Buildings is 22,812, which includes 7,453 mechanics, leaving 15,359. A computer database compiled over the years shows from various sources shows about 2,000 less than this. So somewhere between 13-15 thousand seems reasonable.
Casualty figures in the book are from 1916, 17 and 18. There were 1388 fatalities, 32.9 percent being accidental. Killed in action went from a high of 46.2% in 1916, 36.7% in 1917, to a low of 26.0% in 1918.
1,130 were wounded or injured, and 377 were listed as prisoners of war or interned by the end of the war. There are no figures I could find for these broken down by training vs. active service.
Hope this helps some.
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