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I'm not going to try to answer your first question, since others have done more research on the coloring.
For the second question....
I've built a number of Roden kits, from the first 1/48 D.VIIs that came out and older 1/72 boxings, up to the brand new, just came out 1/32 Nieuport 28. The quality of decals varies widely.
For the most part, they are fairly opaque. As normal for lozenge, though, use a neutral base color, like a medium grey or tan, and the coloring won't change noticably. Some folks use a color close to one of the colors on the sheet, so chips and cracks don't show as much, but this may change the color of the lozenge a bit.
Typically, Roden decals are fairly impervious to setting solutions, even as heavy duty as Solvaset. My Nieup 28's decals responded well to Solvaset, but not to Microset/Sol. My 1/32 tripe, which I used mostly Cutting Edge decals, but had to use a few of the kit decals, like some of the crosses, didn't respond at all to any solutions.
I have the big Staaken in the stash, and there's enough lozenge, you can test a bit on an old junky model.
I will suggest you get a good gloss surface down before you try to lozenge the big bird.
C
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