Barnstormers,air races,flying the mail,the beginnings of air travel,aerial exploration and surveying,the rise of military airpower and more,this 20 year period in aviation was like no other before or since and truly was a wonderful time in aviations history.
To start this thread off may I recommend the great series of Time-Life books,"The Epic of Flight.",and especially the volumes "Barnstormers and Speedkings" and " Flying the Mail" to get a flavour of the times.
http://oldbeacon.com/bookshelf/epicofflight.htm