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I am not sure what airline was the oldest with regular service carrying passengers, maybe mail and freight. Thought the following might be of some interest. On 11 November 1921 a joint German-Soviet Russia airline was established. It was called Deruluft (Deutsch-Russische-Luftverkhers A.G.). It began operations as a civil air service on 1 May 1922 with regular flights from Königsberg to Moscow, using Fokker F.IIIs, later F.Vs and Junkers F.13s.
On 6 March 1923 the Soviets established Dobrolet, a company formed from state and commercial organizations to regularly schedule passenger flights between Moscow and Nizhniy Novgorod. Flights began on 15 July 1923. In 1932 Dobrolet operations were taken over by newly founded Aeroflot, with Junker F.13s, Junker W.33s, Junker G.24s and Dornier Mercurs.
In Soviet Ukraine the Ukrvozduzput (Ukrainian Airline) was established on 11 April 1923. Service began on 25 May using two German Dornier Komet IIs for scheduled flights between Kharkov - Poltava - Kiev, later included flights to Elisavetgrad and Odessa. It operated until 1932 when it became part of Aeroflot. Cheers, agblume
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